The United States Beer Industry Essay Example for Free

The United States Beer Industry Essay 1.The U.S. brewing industry has become more concentrated over the last two decades for several reasons. a.The consumption of beer has been slowly declining, in order for companies to gain market share, they have to take customers from other companies. This would then lead to some companies to go out of business due to the lack of customers. b.Brand loyalty also increased. Advertisement played a large role. Larger companies were able to spent $0.40 per case of beer sold. Smaller mass-market brewers could not afford to spend near that amount. c.Technological change in canning and distribution lead to the concentration of the brewing industry, as well. The size that a mass-market brewer has to accomplish to acquire all economies of scale has grown. They must produce more beer and achieve more market shares. Not all companies reach minimum efficient scales of production. 2. The competitive structure of the brewing industry using Porter’s five forces model. a.Risk of entry by potential competitors. New micro brewing companies have low barriers of entry. New micro brewing companies do not rely heavily on brand loyalty or economies of scale. Mass market brewers our faced with higher barriers to entry because of brand loyalty of customers and absolute cost advantages. b.Intensity of rivalry of previously established companies new customers are always entering the market as they become legal age and the willingness to consume beer, so mass market brewers try to appeal to them to get their business, minimizing the competition to take other companies competitors. Demand has also been growing, making them less competitive. c. Bargaining power of buyers (buyers may be the individual customers who consume it product) this is low for mass market brewers because there is a large number of buyers available for High microbrewers. d.Bargaining power of suppliers (the organizations that provide input into the industry, such as materials, services and labor) the brewing industry has medium to low bargaining power of suppliers. e.Threat of substitutes is a threat because there are other alcoholic beverages that can be a direct substitute for beer, such as spirits and wine. 3.Small mass market companies in the brewing industry are looking for high barriers of entry, strong bargaining power from suppliers and strong bargaining power from buyers. To reach economies of scale, they would need a lot of money in production volume, causing a high barrier of entry. Suppliers can charge the new companies higher prices because they are also selling to other mass market companies and do not need or depend on the new companies for orders. Buyers are strong and can drive down prices because they do not need to sell the new firms product. There are other mass market beers that already have strong brand loyalty that their customers are purchasing. 4.There are two different strategic groups in the brewing industry: mass market brewers (Anheuser-Busch, SAB-Miller, and Molson Coors) and premium micro brewers. The rivalry is different in both groups. Mass market brewers are more competitive, and focus on getting as much of the market as possible by brewing a beer liked by many. Microbrewers products are focus towards smaller customer by who like distinctive tasting beers.

Ladybird book Essay Example for Free

Ladybird book   Essay Question: How does the poet use language to communicate her son’s response to reading and how does she convey her own feelings to you?  Answer:  In the poem, the poet shows us about her little genius son who can do everything except for reading. Throughout the description about her son’s behavior in reading, she conveys to us her frustrated feelings when her son doesn’t have any interest in reading. Firstly, the contrast in 2 aspects which exist inside her son is clearly shown by the first stanza. In 4 first lines of the first stanza, the poet asserts that her smart son can do many things that many other kids can’t do: â€Å"make sculptures†, â€Å"fabulous machines†, â€Å"solemn advice†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The images of a smart and sensible boy is painted beautifully under poet’s pen; only mother who are supremely proud of her son can makes this masterpiece. Here, the use of exaggeration is used to describe the wonderful abilities of poet’s son, which is a leverage to pull the frustration in poet’s feelings up when she said:† but he is slow to read†. The word â€Å"but† suggests the changing in tone of the poem from excitement, pride to disappointment. Although her love spend on him is very immense, the difference between adults and children’s thinking prevents her from being optimistic consistently about her son:  When I take him on my knee  with his Ladybird book  he gazes into the air,  sighing and shaking his head  like an old man  who knows the mountains  are impassable.  The poet tries to reach her son but his action makes her down; it is a such a drag on her thinking. Listing three verbs which suggests the negative effect, she conveys to us how languid her son is in reading book. Using the simile, poet portrays image of her son like an old, thoughtful man knowing that the mountains are impassable. Facing with book her son is deactivated. Through the first stanza, mother’s feeling goes down from the top to the bottom of a mountain when she told us about her son. The contrast between what her son can do and reading puts her in tumult.  Secondly, as evidence, the second stanza is an infallible description about her son’s response to words.  He toys with words,  letting them go cold  as gristly meat  At first, he son has a little try on making words become familiar with what he is fancy in but all he can do bring him to a boring world of words. Normally, people can’t so something that it is not strong enough to attract them and in them same case, her son tries in hopeless; he can’t do reading under his mother’s pressure. One more time, the simile is used. It conveys how hard with the poet’s get close to reading like swallowing a tough, chewy meat. His response to reading is completely like the feelings of bird imprisoned in the cage: vain, empty and tedious. Finally, â€Å"the fish are released†; the son is liberated from reading. His feeling is full of beatitude.  a fish returning  to its element,or a white-eyed colt shying   from the bit – who sees  that if he takes it  in his mouth  he’ll never run  quite free again.  He enjoys his freedom like the fish returns to its element. The poet exhaled using this idiom to describe her anxiety when her son became active again after hardcore reading. Here, the mother (poet) seems to find out the inscrutable behavior of her son that makes him fed up with reading. The image of a young male horse suggests the using of metaphor. The poet’s son is forced to read and the freedom is out like the young male horse when he is bound by the bit â€Å"he’ll never run quite free again.† At this point, the poet emphasizes that her son seem to be regenerated after the reading section, which pull her down when she tries her best to help her son.  The poem is written the heart of a mother who spends all her love to him, tries to help him ceaselessly while her son can’t show his positive behavior to reading. It reflects the a difference between the adult perspective and children point of view.

Ownership of Land Memo Example

Ownership of Land Memo Example MEMO From:  Jessica Smith To:  Mary Rhodes Re:  The Daniels Family Planning Permission The case of Price Ors v Leeds City Council [2005] EWCA Civ 289 is distinguishable from the situation of our clients on the basis that in that case it was not disputed that the local authority had title to the occupied land whereas here the Daniels are the owners of the land having purchased it from Norman Guild. However, Price remains significant in that it raises the issue of the operation of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights which enshrines the right to the respect for everyone’s â€Å"private and family life, his home and correspondence† and provides that: â€Å"(2) There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right, except such as in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country†¦..or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.† While the issue here is not the same as in Price where Article 8 was being raised as a potential defence to a claim for possession which was undeniable on other grounds since the gypsies had not been granted a licence or any other right to occupy, it may be argued that the requirement that the Daniels vacate or be served with an Enforcement Notice restraining their use of the land for residential purposes is a similar infringement of Article 8. Mid-Bedfordshire DC v Thomas Brown Ors [2004] EWCA Civ 1709 turned upon the question of the appropriateness of suspending an injunction requiring land to be vacated for so long as would allow practical compliance but not until determination of a planning application. However, it is of assistance in that it applies the principles established by the House of Lords in South Bucks DC v Porter [2003] 2 AC 558 followed and applied by two decisions of the Court of Appeal in Davis Ors v Tonbridge Malling DC [2004] EWCA Civ 194 and Coates Ors v South Bucks DC [2004] EWCA Civ 1378 and details the competing interests and discretionary principles which a court in deciding whether to grant such an injunction should weigh: the practical problems of enforcement facing the court if an injunction is breached, the council’s position on the planning merits, the possibility that the council might come to a different planning judgment, the planning history of the site, the degree of flagrancy of the breach of planning controls, the availability of suitable alternative sites, the right granted by Article 8 and, of particular significance in this case, humanitarian considerations of health, safety and education in particular, those adversely affecting any children involved. In the light of these criteria, our clients are assisted here by the special needs of Charlene and the health of Michael and Jane particularly in view of the fact that the restricted availability of suitable alternative accommodation will lead to a fragmentation of the family unit with adverse implications for the care of the elderly couple. On these principles it is possible to recommend that our clients obtain an injunction suspending any attempt to remove them pending determination of a planning application by them. The principles to be applied in determining such a planning application are set forth in South Cambridgeshire DC v First Secretary of State McCarthy Ors (2004). In the first instance the planning inspector will be required by s.54A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to weight the relevant material considerations against the relevant local development plan and policies. In R (on the application of Evans) v First Secretary of State Anor [2005] EWHC 149. Here Newman J held that as a matter of principle where an application for planning permission was made in respect of greenbelt land (where residential development would ordinarily be presumed against) gypsy status alone could not be determinative of any case. Therefore, our client’s case will have to be considered on its individual merits with the presumption against greenbelt development being weighed against the rights bestowed by Article 8 and a consideration of the availability of alternative accommodation. Given the strength of our clients’ Article 8 rights, the issue of alternative accommodation is likely to be critical. In Robert Simmons v (1) First Secretary of State (2) Sevenoaks DC [2005] EWHC 287 it was common ground that the development of a gypsy site in a greenbelt area was inappropriate. It was held that for such development to be allowed â€Å"very special circumstances† were required to justify it. In that case, the planning inspector allowed a defence to the Enforcement Notice on the basis of a lack of alternative sites. This was challenged by the Secretary of State who was criticised by Newman J for basing his decision upon a lack of evidence of searches for alternatives by the applicant. Thus in the case of our clients there will have to be â€Å"clear evidence† from empirical sources available to the local authority of a lack of alternatives. We should be encouraged by the concession that there is currently only one space available on local authori ty sites in the area but it must be acknowledged that this fact alone will not be conclusive of a complete lack of reasonable alternatives. Our clients’ case is weakened by the fact that residential care or bed and breakfast accommodation is available for Michael and Jane. In Leanne Codona v Mid-Bedfordshire DC [2004] EWCA Civ 925, it was held that a local authority might escape violation of Article 8 by offering bed and breakfast accommodation provided that this was of reasonable quality and duration. If, in addition, the site available to Henry and Sandra allows Charlene to continue to attend William de Ferrers school, the local authority may succeed in refusing planning consent to our clients without violating their Article 8 rights or the other principles governing the grant of permission to gypsies for development on greenbelt land. School Exclusion Assuming that the school from which Dean has been excluded was a maintained school, the School Standards and Framework Act 1998 will apply. Section 64 of the Act allows the head teacher to exclude a pupil for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 days in any one school year. There is therefore nothing objectionable in principle to an exclusion of 5 days. Since the exclusion does not exceed 5 days, the headmaster is not under the duty imposed by s.65(4) to inform the LEA and the governing body of the exclusion and afford the governor’s the opportunity to consider the exclusion under the procedure laid down in s.66 and Schedule 18 of the Act unless by being so excluded Dean has lost the opportunity to take a public exam. However, such exclusion is subject to s.68 of the Act which requires a head teacher to â€Å"have regard to any guidance given from time to time by the Secretary of Stateâ€Å". This guidance is currently contained in DfES Circular 10/99. Dean’s Head Teacher would appear to be in breach of this guidance. His decision to send Dean home â€Å"on the spot† and failure to inform his parents contravenes paragraph 1 of Annex D of the Circular: â€Å"A head teacher who excludes a pupil should make sure the parent is notified immediately, ideally by telephone, and that the telephone call is followed by a letter within one school day. An exclusion should normally begin on the next school day [emphasis supplied].† Paragraph 6.2 of the Circular states that â€Å"exclusion should not be decided in the heat of the moment unless there is an immediate risk to the safety of others in the school or the pupil concerned†. While Dean’s use of violence is sufficiently serious to warrant exclusion, the head teacher has failed to abide by para.6.3 which requires him to consider â€Å"all the relevant facts and firm evidence†. In particular, he is obliged to â€Å"check whether an incident appeared to be provoked by racial or sexual harassment†. Dean’s parents should have been informed of their right to state their case to the Governing Body’s Discipline Committee. Paragraph 7 of Annex D is ambiguous in Dean’s case. It states that â€Å"if the exclusion is fewer than 5 days† the Discipline Committee cannot direct reinstatement but should consider any statement from the parent; reinstatement is available for exclusions of â€Å"more than 5 days in a term†. Nonetheless, our clients should state their case to the Discipline Committee. Even where reinstatement is not available (which given the duration of the exclusion and the fact that Dean will be back at school before the Committee can be expected to meet) they will be enabled to give their views and the Committee (para.11) can consider whether to add information to Dean’s record (para.16). Thus, even though the â€Å"damage has been done† by the exclusion, the full circumstances of the incident can be explored and Dean’ s record corrected accordingly.

Self: Plunging into the Other Side of the Mirror Essay -- Self Conscio

Self: Plunging into the Other Side of the Mirror Only in a mirror do we find ourselves. We cannot do it when we are apart, distanced, from who and what we are: we need to see our shapes, our selves, in the way we cannot see ourselves subjectively. But still, the glass plays with us, contorting and distorting, even if it is nothing more than a straightforward, honest reflection. It is our minds which are the true lenses. Why do we feel this compunction throughout the ages to look at our own reflections? It is inbred into us; it begins at such a tender age, this obsession with oneself. I never really took much notice of it while I was young, partly because I myself was never overly concerned with my appearance, and partly because my generation was not so image-conscious. However, as the years have passed, I have grown into an awareness of this larger societal issue, watching as more and more pre-teen girls doll themselves up in tight jeans, baby T-shirts and glitzy make-up. Like observing the gorillas in the mist, I watch as these girls preen and pluck, check themselves over and over in their compacts and handheld mirrors, readjust their clothes and redo their hair. It is, from a clinical viewpoint, disturbing. I doubt any of those girls remember the first time they ever saw their reflections in mirrors. If they even did, I further doubt that they would make anything of it, ponder its repercussions, question the greater impact of this first awakening. It is not an emotional, sexual, or intellectual awakening, no: it is a subtle and important transition from the world of the oblivious to the waking world of self-consciousness. As a very young child, I looked for myself in any reflective surface I could find. I would cra... ...ingle noticeable change. My roommates constantly voice their bewilderment at these frequent self-deprecations of mine. It is probably tiring for them to have to reassure me, time and again, but I have fed for too long on my own seeds of hatred and regret; now, like Persephone, I am drawn into that underworld, lost within its dark corners. I am me, I do realize that. But when I look at my other self, that frowning, miserable girl in the mirror, I cannot yet see what Walker saw in herself. However, I no longer look for myself in the mirror, not truly. Yes, it is a starting place, like the very last step to the top of the high dive. But I still have those five very long feet to walk before I can dive off into that most vast of mirrors, and I want to be able to enjoy that shimmering and sparkling last look at myself before I plunge, deeply and honestly, into my self.

Jeffery Dahmer Essay example -- Serial Killer - Cannibal

Jeffery Dahmer is arguably the most notorious serial killer -cannibal in history. Targeting men and boys, Dahmer‘s life of crime began with drinking and sex offending. His murders were exceptionally gruesome, often involving rape, torture, necrophilia, dismemberment, and cannibalism. The media often commented on how â€Å"normal† Dahmer appeared. Jeffrey Dahmer made everyone question how one develops into such a monster. By the time of his apprehension, Dahmer had sodomized, murdered, and cannibalized at least seventeen men, mostly black, Hispanic or Asian, in the Milwaukee area between the years of 1978 until his arrest in 1991 (Williams pg.1). Jeffrey Dahmer was born in Milwaukee on May 21, 1960, to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. Despite the difficulties of Joyce's pregnancy, he was wanted and adored as a child. By all accounts, Dahmer displayed traits of a happy, bubbly youngster. However, several events from his childhood indicated that the young boy was becoming more and more disturbed. When Jeff was four, his father swept out the remains of some small animals from under the house. As his father gathered the tiny animal bones, Jeff seemed strangely entertained by the sound they made (Bardsley Ch. 13). At the young age of six, Dahmer suffered a double hernia and needed surgery to correct the problem. After the operation, he was never the same socially. Adding insult to injury, the family then moved from Iowa to Ohio where it became apparent Dahmer had grown distant, shy, and nearly uncommunicative (Bardsley Ch. 13). As a young student, Dahmer, very fond of one of his elementary school teachers, took her a bowl of tadpoles he had caught. Soon Dahmer learned that his teacher had given the tadpoles to his friend Lee. He ... ...rocess of ‘walking through’, in which the patient and therapist examine the same issues repeatedly in the course of several sessions, each time with greater clarity. This process is enduring, usually lasting for a number of years (Comer 41). Due to the presence of such a multitude of abnormal behaviors, the most helpful form of psychodynamic treatment available would be the short-term psychodynamic therapies that focus on one individual issue at a time. Perhaps the abnormalities could have been deciphered and treated separately through this type of therapy in order to improve his behavior. It is impossible to say for sure, but had Dahmer sought or been forced into treatment for his many abnormal behaviors, therapists may have been reasonably successful in identifying the underlying causes before he felt compelled to take innocent lives.

My Grandmother Essay

Everybody has one important person in their lives. For me, the most influential person in my life is my grandmother. She is a traditional Chinese woman. When I was a child, my grandmother had been blind since I was not born, but she is nimbler than most people. My grandmother took care of me when I was a baby. Although my grandmother is dead, I still miss her, because she taught more experiences to me and these have changed many things in my mind. When I was a little girl, my parents went to another place for their work. Therefore, my grandmother took care of me at home. However, I thought that my parents did not love me because they were not like other parents who stayed at home. I felt my life was lost color. I always felt so bored and unhappy, because other children did not want to play with me, and I lost my parents’ love. Over some time, my character became lonely and shy. I thought that I would not have anymore changes in my life. However, my grandmother used something to change my thinking. One day, I was very unhappy and worrying about coming back home. When my grandmother knew that I was back, she cooked some dessert for me. But I did not want to eat anything. My grandmother was very worried about me and she asked me what happened. I told her that my teacher needed me to choose one story for speech in the classroom at next week. I was worrying about it because I was a shy girl and I did not believe that I could do it. After my grandmother understood the reasons, she laughed at me. I felt so uncomfortable. Therefore, I made a decision for this speech. But I always felt very angry about my grandmother’s behavior, and I did not want to talk with her. For a while, my grandmother did not laugh again. She said that this was a good chance for me and I must try to do it. I always did not want to talk about anything with her. Nevertheless, my grandmother still told one story to me. When she finished this story, she taught me who had the confidences and bravery to solve this problem. After this day, my grandmother requested me, who told one story to her in every night. Because of my grandmother’s training, I improved my speech and I became brave. So I was successful to tell this story to my classmates in the classroom. In this matter, I know that nothing is impossible. If I want to do anything, then I must be brave to do it. Because of my grandmother is teaching me, I changed shyness in my life and I was very happy for this change. I did not feel lonely again, because many children liked the story I told them, and then they wanted to play with me. My grandmother taught more experiences to me. Furthermore, she was a good grandmother because she knew that how to take care of me. For example, I felt very bad one morning. My grandmother touched my face, and then she said that I was sick and I needed to rest. I heard my grandmother because although my grandmother did not see anything, she knew more things. At the night, I still felt very bad and I was afraid about my disease. However, my grandmother comforted me. She took care of me. The next morning, I felt so good and strong. When I looked at my grandmother’s face, I was crying because I felt she was so tired to take care of me. However, my grandmother was so happy to comfort me and she said that she was fine. At now, I think that my grandmother is a great woman. Because of my grandmother is care. I know that many people need our help when they have trouble. I learned how to help those people from my grandmother. On the cold day, my friend and I came back home from school, we were very happy to talk with each other. Suddenly, my friend fell on the road and got hurt. She was crying. I did not know how to comfort her because her knee was bleeding. I looked for other people, but nobody came. I was very anxious and worried about her. At this time, I wanted to cry, but I knew that I could not cry because if I was crying, then my friend would be worrying about more things. Therefore, I tried to think of some ideas to help my friend. All at once, I remembered that my grandmother taught me how to cure her wound. I went to comfort my friend. At the same time, I immediately looked for one of medicinal herbs to cure her wound. In the end, I found the medicinal herbs to cure her wound, and then she did not cry. I was took my friend to go back her home. My friend and her mother said thanks for my help. When I came back home, I told to my grandmother about this. She was so happy to praise me. At this moment, although I felt very tired, I was glad to hear about it. After this time, I understood why my grandmother taught me to help other people. Therefore, I had been deciding to help much more people. My grandmother has many roles in my life. Sometimes my grandmother is like a best friend, she would share most interesting stories to me. Sometimes my grandmother is like a rigorous teacher. She passed much knowledge from her experiences to me, and she would request me who must change bad behavior. Sometimes my grandmother is like a chef. She could cook the most delicious food for me. According to my grandmother, I realize that my parents work in another place for our lives, and they love me very much. Therefore, I think that my grandmother is very important in my life. Furthermore, I believe that I do not forget her teaching forever, and I feel very happy to live with my grandmother

Promote professional development Essay

Outcome 3: Be able to prepare a professional development plan 3.1 Select learning opportunities to meet development objectives and reflect personal learning style I need to ensure that my own training is up to date and current. I will source training courses and liaise with my manager to get authorisation for them. I work with my service manager to understand the organisational objectives for my role and to establish if I need training to meet these objectives. Sometimes I will only need to do some research to gain the knowledge that I need. As a trainer it is important that I attend refresher training to keep my skill up to date and in line with current legislation. We are all different and as such have preferred methods for learning new skills, by understanding the memory process we may be able to develop effective learning. The Atkinson-Schiffrin model described by Malim and Birch puts memory into 3 steps with the input of information going into the brain at level 1 which is the short-term m emory this information is then analysed and any unwanted information is discarded here. Anything your brain considers useful goes into the long-term memory where it is retained. However, if we do not recall certain information within 1-8 hours the possibility of recalling that information drops dramatically and the more time goes by without recalling it the worse chance we have of remembering it. By the time a month has gone by the information may be lost in the depths of our brain. This ‘lost’ information is not lost forever, it is possible to recall it but it may mean you will need to just relax and try and ‘clear your mind’ or it may mean you will have to read about the information again. As trainers we are not always able deliver training in a way that suits every individual. We need to understand the different methods of learning. Honey and Mumford are best known for their learning style questionnaire. This self-administered questionnaire determines your preferred learning style. The styles are: Activitists (Do) – Immerse themselves fully in new experiences; Enjoy here and now; Open minded, enthusiastic, flexible; Act first, consider consequences later; Seek to centre activity around themselves. Reflectors (Review) – Stand back and observe; Cautious, take a back seat; Collect and analyze data about experience and events, slow to reach conclusions; Use information from past,  present and immediate observations to maintain a big picture perspective. Theorists (Conclude) – Think through problems in a logical manner, value rationality and objectivity; Assimilate disparate facts into coherent theories; Disciplined, aiming to fit things into rational order; Keen on basic assumptions, principles, theories, models and systems thinking. Pra gmatists (Plan) – Keen to put ideas, theories and techniques into practice; Search new ideas and experiment; Act quickly and confidently on ideas, gets straight to the point; Are impatient with endless discussion. 3.2 Produce a plan for own professional development, using an appropriate source of support we have a Performance and Development process (PDP). Part of this process involves setting objectives and producing a development plan for the next 12 month period. I work with the service manager to produce a development plan that reflects my personal objectives and the objectives that are set . The objectives set should be SMART: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-limited 3.3 Establish a process to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan As part of the Performance and Development Process the objectives are reviewed every quarter. If the objectives have been meet new objectives can then be set. If the objectives have not been meet then the progress is discussed, it may be decided to modify the objectives if they are no longer SMART. As managers we meet regularly with our service manager and the HR consultant. We discuss the effectiveness of the process and any improvements that could be made.